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Khieu Samphan

Brief Biography of Khieu Samphan

Khieu Samphan’s revolutionary name was comrade Hem; he was also known as Ta Chhun and Ta Hong. He was born to Khmer-Chinese parents in 1929 (the year of the snake) in Koh Sotin District, Kampong Cham Province, Region 22, Eastern Zone. Khieu Samphan completed his coursework for a doctorate degree in political economy in Paris and obtained his degree in 1959 after he had returned to Cambodia. In Cambodia, Khieu Samphan served as a minister in King Norodom Sihanouk’s government from 1950 to 1960. During this period, he also took a job as a French language teacher, and in 1954, established a newspaper called Observateur. In mid-1960, he made a declaration provoking a struggle for the restitution of the land known as Kampuchea Kroam from Vietnam, and in August of that year, was arrested for being a “Khmer Rouge.” In the 1966 national elections, he became a people’s representative from Kandal Province. After the Sihanouk government issued a warrant for his arrest on April 24, 1967, Khieu Samphan escaped to the jungle together with Hou Yuon and Hu Nim. All three were wanted for their association with left-leaning groups. Khieu Samphan chaired a two-week meeting held in July 1971 at Pol Pot’s head office in the Northern Zone. The main item on the meeting’s agenda was to discuss whether “King Norodom Sihanouk should be permitted to join the struggle movement.” At a party meeting in 1974, Khieu Samphan expressed his support for the idea of evacuating the residents of Phnom Penh. On October 9, 1975, he attended the “Meeting of the Standing Committee,” which discussed “task assignments.” At the meeting he was appointed to be responsible for the fronts and for the commercial sector areas of inventory and the fixed pricing of produce. Khieu Samphan participated in another meeting, the “Local Tasks Meeting,” on March 8, 1976, where the March 20, 1976 election and the situations in “106 and 103, Northern [Zone]” were discussed. On March 30, 1976, the Central Committee made a decision to appoint Khieu Samphan as the president of the state presidium. He was then appointed as a member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of Kampuchea in mid-1976. According to a speech given by Ieng Sary in 1977, Khieu Samphan was appointed to replace comrade Doeun as the chief of Office 870. This office was under the direction of the CPK’s Central Committee.

Nuon Chea

Nuon Chea

The original name of Nuon Chea is Long Rith. In the Khmer Rouge time, Nuon Chea was generally referred to by the cadre as “Brother” Nuon or “Uncle” Nuon. Some other called him “Ta Pra Hok” (“the old fish-paste man”), as he apparently liked fish paste. Nuon Chea’s birth date remains unknown. However, it is public knowledge that he was born in Battambang Province and went to Thammassat University in Thailand in 1945. In Bangkok, Nuon Chea was a member of The Communist Party of Thailand. In 1951, he was appointed minister of the economy in the United Issarak Front. In 1954, he attended a training course in Hanoi, Vietnam. Some evidence indicates that in 1976, Nuon Chea was appointed as Prime Minister in the Khmer Rouge regime, with Pol Pot taking over the position in October of that year. Nuon Chea was a fullrights member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kampuchea and its Standing Committee. It is this latter committee that determined the policies of the Khmer Rouge regime that took the lives of millions of people. A number of documents reveal that the policy set for implementation in the bases had to be informed, supported and approved by the Standing Committee. Following are several documentary examples of this fact:
A. Telegram Number 2, dated October 12, 1976, states: “Dear beloved Brother Nuon, we have received your telegram, which included all instructions...with warm revolutionary fraternity, Comrade Laing.”
B. The minutes of a meeting between Comrade Tall, Division 290 and Division 170, dated September 16, 1976, at 16:15 hours, include the following:
“Comrade Duch’s comment: After the meeting, comrade Sokh and comrade Tall reached an agreement proposing [to arrest] 29 persons more...The proposed names come from a decision made by S-21 and Division 170. The number doesn’t include the 11 persons proposed in a meeting held on September 15. Based on the reason confirmed by S-21, the observations of the Division that has witnessed subsequent activities, and on the principles of Angkar...the meeting decides to take the names of [the] 29 persons...[We] must carry out on the basis of our experience, according to which we have subsequently arrested these types of persons. Avoid the situation of chaos in the unit, grasp the unit firmly and keep it secret.

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